#NGSSchat Archive | Participate

participatechat Jun 15 @ 9:00 PM EDT

Participate in the upcoming #NGSSchat by sharing resources and collaborating at https://t.co/HBHCxebSZD

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:02 PM EDT

Welcome to #NGSSchat We’re so excited you’re joining us! Please remember to include #NGSSchat in your tweets!

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:03 PM EDT

Please start by introducing yourselves with your name,what you do, and where you’re from! #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:03 PM EDT

Verse 2 of Summer Learning #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:04 PM EDT

During intros, let’s also share our fave 3D learning (instruction and/or assessment) resource w/ our #NGSSchat PLN!

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:04 PM EDT

Hey #NGSSchat! Brian, 8th gr from IL

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:05 PM EDT

Hi all! Ted Willard here, NSTA's Standards Geek, Educational Cartographer, & #NGSSchat summer songwriter.

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:05 PM EDT

Hey Brian. Welcome! #NGSSchat

In reply to @BKd204Sci

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:06 PM EDT

When is your debut album coming out Ted? #NGSSchat

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:06 PM EDT

For those of you who missed Verse 1 at the last #NGSSchat

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:06 PM EDT

My name is TJ and I like to do science. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:06 PM EDT

Welcome, Ted! #NGSSchat

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:06 PM EDT

Hi TJ who likes to do science. #NGSSchat

In reply to @tjscience

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:06 PM EDT

1983 #NGSSchat

In reply to @BKd204Sci, @FredEnde, @Ted_NSTA

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:07 PM EDT

Come on all! #NGSSchat is happening now!

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:07 PM EDT

Ted the man of many talents #ngsschat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:06 PM EDT

For those of you who missed Verse 1 at the last #NGSSchat

BMSscienceteach Jun 15 @ 9:08 PM EDT

Patrick from Lexington, KY. 8th grade science teacher currently sitting at the beach on vacation. #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:08 PM EDT

Its Electrifying! #BadGreaseReference #NGSSchat

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:08 PM EDT

Kathy a science geek kind of gal here on this fine June evening in VT #ngsschat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:08 PM EDT

I’m Rich B. from Wayne County, MI and I too, like to do science things. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:08 PM EDT

Hey Patrick! Welcome! #NGSSchat

In reply to @BMSscienceteach

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:08 PM EDT

I'm hoping to have a full song written in time for the NSELA Summer Leadership Institute. https://t.co/2NF8zdXhS4 #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:06 PM EDT

When is your debut album coming out Ted? #NGSSchat
In reply to @Ted_NSTA

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:08 PM EDT

Welcome, Kathy! #NGSSchat

In reply to @KRScienceLady

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:08 PM EDT

What is this science thing you speak of? #NGSSchat

In reply to @richbacolor

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:09 PM EDT

With an intimate #NGSSchat tonight - what are you all thinking about?!?

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:09 PM EDT

#NGSSChat Meme King

In reply to @tjscience

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:09 PM EDT

The Framework, NGSS For ALL Students, ngss@nsta.org, the NGSS bundles #ngsschat

STEMTeachTools Jun 15 @ 9:10 PM EDT

We created these neat bookmarks with tons of #NGSS info packed onto them. Print the PDF at home! https://t.co/cS4Izy5yC3 #NGSSChat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:10 PM EDT

All the things. Phenomenal things. #NGSSchat

In reply to @FredEnde

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:10 PM EDT

Quick correction: the URL is https://t.co/E1LiEsUFu9 #NGSSchat

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:09 PM EDT

The Framework, NGSS For ALL Students, ngss@nsta.org, the NGSS bundles #ngsschat

BMSscienceteach Jun 15 @ 9:10 PM EDT

Right now I am thinking I only have two days left at the beach. #ngsschat

In reply to @tjscience

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:10 PM EDT

Its now an official #NGSSchat

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:09 PM EDT

With an intimate #NGSSchat tonight - what are you all thinking about?!?

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:10 PM EDT

You outdoing yourself here Ted #ngsschat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:03 PM EDT

Verse 2 of Summer Learning #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:10 PM EDT

MMMMMM. . . phenomena. #NGSSchat

In reply to @richbacolor

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:11 PM EDT

Here comes Q1! #NGSSchat

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:11 PM EDT

#NGSSchat spent the week walking elem teachers through NGSS and NSTA Learning Center #weareredclay #NGSSDE

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:11 PM EDT

Q1 If you were giving advice to a “new to NGSS” teacher about 3D learning, how would you advise them to get started? #NGSSchat

MadelineBacolor Jun 15 @ 9:11 PM EDT

My dad is so cute #NGSSChat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:08 PM EDT

I’m Rich B. from Wayne County, MI and I too, like to do science things. #NGSSchat

kmgill135 Jun 15 @ 9:11 PM EDT

Kathy, former elementary science teacher, now retired! A plug for a resource I worked on https://t.co/XHoZJOfAXo #ngsschat

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:12 PM EDT

I stand corrected :-) #ngsschat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:10 PM EDT
Quick correction: the URL is https://t.co/E1LiEsUFu9 #NGSSchat
- KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:09 PM EDT
  
  The Framework, NGSS For ALL Students, ngss@nsta.org, the NGSS bundles #ngsschat

ebakerwcms Jun 15 @ 9:12 PM EDT

Erica Baker from Washington Co, KY new to #NGSSchat I love teaching and growing as an educator!

BMSscienceteach Jun 15 @ 9:12 PM EDT

A1) Start with the framework so you can have a foundation to better understand the How and why the NGSS was constructed. #ngsschat

In reply to @FredEnde

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:12 PM EDT

A1 Find a colleague, mentor, PLC, #PLN that can walk with you as you learn and grow in the 3Ds of #ngss #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:12 PM EDT

Ha ha ha! Bonjour! Ca va? #NGSSchat

MadelineBacolor Jun 15 @ 9:11 PM EDT
My dad is so cute #NGSSChat
- richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:08 PM EDT
  
  I’m Rich B. from Wayne County, MI and I too, like to do science things. #NGSSchat

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:13 PM EDT

A1: I say there is this ADORABLE book that has all sorts of cute stories about this stuff and you all should TOTALLY read it! #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:13 PM EDT

What parts of Framework would you recommend? #NGSSchat

In reply to @BMSscienceteach

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:14 PM EDT

A1) Join #NGSSchat on Thursday night and follow everyone. Next question. Seriously tho, read the Framework.

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:11 PM EDT

Q1 If you were giving advice to a “new to NGSS” teacher about 3D learning, how would you advise them to get started? #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:14 PM EDT

Welcome, Erica! #NGSSchat

In reply to @ebakerwcms

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:14 PM EDT

Mostly just the words... #NGSSchat

In reply to @FredEnde, @BMSscienceteach

kmgill135 Jun 15 @ 9:14 PM EDT

A2: start small. Have Ss design their own experiment. Have Ss diagram their understanding instead of answering lab questions. #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:14 PM EDT

What would you look for in an #NGSS mentor? #NGSSchat

In reply to @BKd204Sci

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:15 PM EDT

#NGSSchat Eddie McGrath, Delaware Science Guy.

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:15 PM EDT

For sure! #NGSSchat

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:13 PM EDT

A1: I say there is this ADORABLE book that has all sorts of cute stories about this stuff and you all should TOTALLY read it! #ngsschat

BMSscienceteach Jun 15 @ 9:15 PM EDT

I know it is a big book but I like reading the section on the DCI, CCC, SEP and the intro parts. Honestly, start at the beginning. #ngsschat

In reply to @FredEnde

sbosch_spps Jun 15 @ 9:15 PM EDT

Read the whole book front to back or skim? #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:13 PM EDT

What parts of Framework would you recommend? #NGSSchat
In reply to @BMSscienceteach

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:15 PM EDT

Sames. BTW: what does your TJ stand for? #ngsschat

In reply to @tjscience

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:15 PM EDT

But the cover is cool too. . . #NGSSchat

In reply to @tjscience, @BMSscienceteach

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:15 PM EDT

With a little motivation and an understanding about what is in there - it definitely is!! #NGSSchat

In reply to @paulandersen

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:16 PM EDT

Welcome Eddie! #NGSSchat

In reply to @eddiesciguy

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:16 PM EDT

Ts who are willing to take the time to lean something important who are also risk takers in the classroom #ngss #NGSSchat

In reply to @FredEnde

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:16 PM EDT

Read! Was so powerful for me! #NGSSchat

In reply to @sbosch_spps

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:16 PM EDT

Stands for the noun that people use to call my attention...? #NGSSChat

In reply to @richbacolor

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:16 PM EDT

I'd recommend this web page for a brief orientation: https://t.co/fQNBr590dn #NGSSchat

sbosch_spps Jun 15 @ 9:17 PM EDT

#NGSSchat Hi. Sarah from MN not a NGSS state, yet. K-5 science.

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:17 PM EDT

I’m guessing Torricelli Joules…amiright? #NGSSchat

In reply to @tjscience

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:18 PM EDT

Welcome, Sarah. NY isn't either. At least not in name. :) #NGSSchat

In reply to @sbosch_spps

BMSscienceteach Jun 15 @ 9:18 PM EDT

Alright you two. #ngsschat

In reply to @FredEnde, @tjscience

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:18 PM EDT

I like to think that it's just a matter of "yet" #NGSSchat

sbosch_spps Jun 15 @ 9:17 PM EDT

#NGSSchat Hi. Sarah from MN not a NGSS state, yet. K-5 science.

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:19 PM EDT

Question 2 on the horizon. . . #NGSSchat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:19 PM EDT

Even in a “non” NGSS state, the Framework can improve how teachers using any standards engage Ss in science learning. #NGSSchat

In reply to @sbosch_spps

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:19 PM EDT

Q2 What does it mean to use “multiple elements” of each dimension? Why is this important to sensemaking? #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:19 PM EDT

No wonder it's too small to read. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:19 PM EDT

Question 2 on the horizon. . . #NGSSchat

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:19 PM EDT

A1 The Framework for K-12 Science Education., The Framework for K-12 Science Education, The Framework for K-12 Science Education #ngsschat

joemullikin86 Jun 15 @ 9:20 PM EDT

Doing Projects vs. Project Based Learning PBL - New Tech Network https://t.co/qnrYi6JRMq #edchat #NGSSChat #iledchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:21 PM EDT

A2 Each dimension by itself is multi-faceted You can use more than 1 DCI CCC & SEP at the same time They work so well together #NGSSchat

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:22 PM EDT

A2: Love this description from John about the commonly forgotten CCCs #NGSSchat

sdngss Jun 14 @ 5:19 PM EDT

The Crosscutting Concepts in #NGSS are lenses for thinking scientifically. Finally, a definition that makes sense to me.

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:22 PM EDT

when should you use more than one? #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:21 PM EDT

A2 Each dimension by itself is multi-faceted You can use more than 1 DCI CCC & SEP at the same time They work so well together #NGSSchat

karalu79 Jun 15 @ 9:22 PM EDT

Hey #NGSSchat! We're late, but here!

BMSscienceteach Jun 15 @ 9:22 PM EDT

Sorry to Chat and run but I am going out for a night walk to look for ghost crabs. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:22 PM EDT

Post a picture on the hashtag when you find them. Might be good for a phenomenon or two! #NGSSchat

In reply to @BMSscienceteach

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:22 PM EDT

Welcome! #NGSSchat

In reply to @karalu79

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:22 PM EDT

Ghosts don't exist - crabs do. Now can you stay?!?! #NGSSchat

In reply to @BMSscienceteach

lizette_burks Jun 15 @ 9:23 PM EDT

Lizette here from Kansas joining late with @karalu79 ! #ngsschat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:23 PM EDT

At every opportunity! Its like grandma's cookies The more stuff in the batter the better the cookies taste #ngsschat

In reply to @FredEnde

karalu79 Jun 15 @ 9:23 PM EDT

A2. Makes for richer understanding #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:23 PM EDT

A2 (3 of ?): but a single DCI element might be sufficient to make sense of a phenomena. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:19 PM EDT

Q2 What does it mean to use “multiple elements” of each dimension? Why is this important to sensemaking? #NGSSchat

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:24 PM EDT

Hey Lizette!! How are the wind tornadoes out your way?!?! #NGSSChat

In reply to @lizette_burks, @karalu79

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:24 PM EDT

did you know that pictur can whisper or shout crosscuting concepts when used to complement quality science instruction #ngsschat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:24 PM EDT

forgot the #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:22 PM EDT
A2 (2 of ?): Multiple elements are important for practices because sense-making never involves just one practice
- FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:19 PM EDT
  
  Q2 What does it mean to use “multiple elements” of each dimension? Why is this important to sensemaking? #NGSSchat

kmgill135 Jun 15 @ 9:24 PM EDT

A2: Sensemaking involves practices of questioning and modeling in addition to practices identified in the PE. Multiple practices. #ngsschat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:24 PM EDT

Forgot the #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:21 PM EDT

A1(1 of ?): "Elements" are the little bullets from the foundation box that specify aspects of practices, core ideas, & crosscutting concepts

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:25 PM EDT

Except for the rocks. Those never tasted good. #NGSSchat

In reply to @BKd204Sci

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:25 PM EDT

Crosscutting Concepts: The Jan Brady of NGSS #NGSSchat

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:22 PM EDT
A2: Love this description from John about the commonly forgotten CCCs #NGSSchat
- sdngss Jun 14 @ 5:19 PM EDT
  
  The Crosscutting Concepts in #NGSS are lenses for thinking scientifically. Finally, a definition that makes sense to me.

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:25 PM EDT

@PeterJMcLaren suggested starting your planning with CCCs and I really like that idea. #NGSSchat

In reply to @KRScienceLady, @PeterJMcLaren

Chemteach201 Jun 15 @ 9:25 PM EDT

A1. Do research, ask questions, start small. Reflect and revise as needed.Step back and observe the students, use their feedback. #NGSSchat

In reply to @FredEnde

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:25 PM EDT

Marsha Marsha Marsha! #NGSSchat

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

kmgill135 Jun 15 @ 9:26 PM EDT

Ted you gotta learn to thread! #ngsschat

lizette_burks Jun 15 @ 9:26 PM EDT

A2) Integrating the dimensions! This is necessary to make sense of phenomena...cannot be DCI alone #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:19 PM EDT

Q2 What does it mean to use “multiple elements” of each dimension? Why is this important to sensemaking? #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:26 PM EDT

I had a crush on Jan Brady...is that why CCCs are my favorite dimension? #NGSSchat

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:26 PM EDT

Jumping in late, Liza from Seattle area #ngsschat

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:26 PM EDT

Being a scientist & working with scientists you always hear "hold on, how should I think about this...?" That's the CCCs #NGSSchat

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:27 PM EDT

Great is what I'm afraid of... #NGSSchat

In reply to @karalu79, @lizette_burks

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:27 PM EDT

#NGSSchat A2 how can you NOT use multiple elements of the dimensions? The Practices provide multiple entry points for Ss.

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:27 PM EDT

I hate to disagree with @PeterJMcLaren , but I think you need to begin planning with DCIs which then lead to phenomena. #NGSSchat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:25 PM EDT

@PeterJMcLaren suggested starting your planning with CCCs and I really like that idea. #NGSSchat
In reply to @KRScienceLady, @PeterJMcLaren

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:27 PM EDT

Did U know that picture books can whisper or shout crosscuting concepts when complementing quality science instruction #ngsschat

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:27 PM EDT

#NGSSchat CCC can/should frame the Ss language of sense making.

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:27 PM EDT

How would you go about doing this? #NGSSchat

In reply to @lizette_burks

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:27 PM EDT

How can this be done? #NGSSchat

In reply to @richbacolor, @KRScienceLady, @PeterJMcLaren

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:28 PM EDT

Welcome, Amanda! #NGSSchat

In reply to @Chemteach201

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:28 PM EDT

A2 not sure about all the Brady bunch connections 😁but the dimensions are not checklists should have intentional, multiple pieces #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:28 PM EDT

Welcome Liza! #NGSSchat

In reply to @LizaRickey

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:28 PM EDT

I've wanted to compile a list of great books for this for elementary teachers but have not had the chance - do you have a list? #NGSSchat

In reply to @KRScienceLady

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:28 PM EDT

A2 I think of the elements as the sub-bullets under each dimension. #ngsschat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:29 PM EDT

@sbosch_spps DCI = Disciplinary Core Idea #NGSSchat

sbosch_spps Jun 15 @ 9:28 PM EDT

What are DCIs?
In reply to @Ted_NSTA, @PeterJMcLaren

karalu79 Jun 15 @ 9:29 PM EDT

Ahhh, just come and visit. You'll see! :) #NGSSchat

In reply to @tjscience, @lizette_burks

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:29 PM EDT

A good question. . .is there ever a time when multiple elements would be inappropriate or wouldn't "work?" #NGSSchat

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:27 PM EDT

#NGSSchat A2 how can you NOT use multiple elements of the dimensions? The Practices provide multiple entry points for Ss.

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:29 PM EDT

Practices anyone? :) #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:27 PM EDT
I hate to disagree with @PeterJMcLaren , but I think you need to begin planning with DCIs which then lead to phenomena. #NGSSchat
- richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:25 PM EDT
  
  @PeterJMcLaren suggested starting your planning with CCCs and I really like that idea. #NGSSchat
  In reply to @KRScienceLady, @PeterJMcLaren

lizette_burks Jun 15 @ 9:29 PM EDT

@FredEnde Creating a storyline and outlining which elements from the 3Ds will help make sense of the phenomena along the journey #NGSSchat

In reply to @FredEnde

Chemteach201 Jun 15 @ 9:29 PM EDT

A2. NGSS aren't 'checkbox' standards. The multiple dimensions help students construct meaning. Based on approach s's gain more. #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:30 PM EDT

That I can agree with. #NGSSchat

PeterJMcLaren Jun 15 @ 9:29 PM EDT

You have to have the core idea in mind but it is the CCC that provides Ss the window into the system of the phenom in order to explain
In reply to @Ted_NSTA

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:30 PM EDT

Starting with DCIs can be too familiar tho. Ts fall back on old “tell about” habits. CCCs encourage asking why are we doing this? #NGSSchat

In reply to @Ted_NSTA, @PeterJMcLaren

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:30 PM EDT

A2: We may have to help some of our colleagues realize that the SEPs and CCCs have elements. #NGSSchat

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:30 PM EDT

Gotta be "figuring out" instead of "learning about." #NGSSchat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:30 PM EDT

Starting with DCIs can be too familiar tho. Ts fall back on old “tell about” habits. CCCs encourage asking why are we doing this? #NGSSchat
In reply to @Ted_NSTA, @PeterJMcLaren

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:30 PM EDT

The practices are the ways in which students interact with the phenomenon. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:29 PM EDT
Practices anyone? :) #NGSSchat
- Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:27 PM EDT
  
  I hate to disagree with @PeterJMcLaren , but I think you need to begin planning with DCIs which then lead to phenomena. #NGSSchat
  
  richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:25 PM EDT
  
  @PeterJMcLaren suggested starting your planning with CCCs and I really like that idea. #NGSSchat
  In reply to @KRScienceLady, @PeterJMcLaren

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:31 PM EDT

Peter, you need to come join the chat! #NGSSchat

In reply to @PeterJMcLaren, @Ted_NSTA

auntjennoelle Jun 15 @ 9:31 PM EDT

Hi all- jumping in late after our 8th grade promotion- one more day w/ kiddos. Jen from So. Cal. 6th grade happy summer ☀️ #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:31 PM EDT

Here come Q3! #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:31 PM EDT

@richbacolor I don't mean that the lesson starts with the DCI. I mean that PLANNING the lesson starts with the DCI. #NGSSchat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:30 PM EDT

Starting with DCIs can be too familiar tho. Ts fall back on old “tell about” habits. CCCs encourage asking why are we doing this? #NGSSchat
In reply to @Ted_NSTA, @PeterJMcLaren

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:31 PM EDT

I think you have a very important point here. #ngsschat

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:30 PM EDT

A2: We may have to help some of our colleagues realize that the SEPs and CCCs have elements. #NGSSchat

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:32 PM EDT

A2: Also, the elements allow growth over time. If we're not addressing elements, we can't ensure student growth over time. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:32 PM EDT

Welcome Jen! Much of NY has students through next week! #NGSSchat

In reply to @auntjennoelle

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:32 PM EDT

Q3 What does it mean to elicit “direct observable evidence” of the 3 dimensions? Why is it important? #NGSSchat

PeterJMcLaren Jun 15 @ 9:32 PM EDT

#ngsschat Have to have the core idea in mind but it's the CCC that provides Ss the window into the system of the phenom in order to explain

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

jengutierrez18 Jun 15 @ 9:33 PM EDT

I love how hopeful a small word can be @Ted_NSTA @sbosch_spps #NGSSchat

karalu79 Jun 15 @ 9:33 PM EDT

That was our mantra in our @KansasEPSCoR workshop today. #NGSSchat

In reply to @tkSciGuy, @KansasEPSCoR

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:34 PM EDT

#NGSSchat A3 I think each dimension has a different answer.

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:34 PM EDT

Yep. Ok. Maybe what I mean is that choosing a useful phenomenon is easier by thinking about CCCs with a DCI. #ngsschat

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:34 PM EDT

A3: Evidence REALLY needs to be there, this is important and shown in the HS EVO unit I was involved in https://t.co/kpT5cGCY2B #NGSSChat

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:34 PM EDT

A3 helps define success criteria and construct experiential learning of complex ideas #NGSSchat

Chemteach201 Jun 15 @ 9:34 PM EDT

@eddiesciguy if multiple elements are forced for students/teachers. My fear is the end of unit crunch where material is rushed. #ngsschat.

In reply to @FredEnde, @eddiesciguy

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:35 PM EDT

I have started one but I do recommend Sharing Books, Talking Science written by a bio professor and childrens lit prof #St. Mikes. #ngsschat

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:28 PM EDT

I've wanted to compile a list of great books for this for elementary teachers but have not had the chance - do you have a list? #NGSSchat
In reply to @KRScienceLady

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:35 PM EDT

#NGSSchat A3 Practices: we see productive struggle. It will be messy, rough drafts, building to a finished product (from Ss)

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:35 PM EDT

@tkSciGuy Can I recomend the NSTA Quick Reference Guide to the NGSS? https://t.co/r85riDTMP0 #NGSSchat #shamelessplug

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:30 PM EDT

A2: We may have to help some of our colleagues realize that the SEPs and CCCs have elements. #NGSSchat

sbosch_spps Jun 15 @ 9:35 PM EDT

Share more. The cross cutting concept is the hardest for me to be intentional. #NGSSchat

PeterJMcLaren Jun 15 @ 9:32 PM EDT

#ngsschat Have to have the core idea in mind but it's the CCC that provides Ss the window into the system of the phenom in order to explain
In reply to @Ted_NSTA

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:35 PM EDT

Thx for clarifying, Peter. #NGSSchat

In reply to @PeterJMcLaren, @Ted_NSTA

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:36 PM EDT

#NGSSchat A3 CCC: we see this in Ss dialogue. They discuss cause/effect or stx/fxn.

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:36 PM EDT

Can you share? I have handouts to share #ngsschat

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:30 PM EDT

We just created a reading unit based on engineering for elementary! Great integration
In reply to @tjscience, @KRScienceLady

auntjennoelle Jun 15 @ 9:36 PM EDT

When first learning NGSS, I was drawn 2 CCCs & connected them to Sandra Kaplan's Depth & Complexity Prompts. Support S thinking #ngsschat

In reply to @richbacolor, @KRScienceLady, @PeterJMcLaren

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:36 PM EDT

Plus I make educators wear these suits when they evaluate or 'EQuIP' units and it's easy to tell when they are not 3D... #NGSSchat #NGSS

lizette_burks Jun 15 @ 9:36 PM EDT

A3) Student ideas are progressing and you can hear/see...checking formatively but for all three dimensions #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:32 PM EDT

Q3 What does it mean to elicit “direct observable evidence” of the 3 dimensions? Why is it important? #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:37 PM EDT

A3: It's important because it represents real learning. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:32 PM EDT

Q3 What does it mean to elicit “direct observable evidence” of the 3 dimensions? Why is it important? #NGSSchat

Chemteach201 Jun 15 @ 9:37 PM EDT

A3. Artifacts that can be seen and provide concrete info demonstrating student learning of the PE's. #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:37 PM EDT

Agree! You have to SEE each dimension, in planning, lesson implementation & Ss work #ngsschat

In reply to @tjscience

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:37 PM EDT

Interesting. Prompts? Can you send me a link? #NGSSchat

In reply to @auntjennoelle, @KRScienceLady, @PeterJMcLaren

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:38 PM EDT

#NGSSchat A3 DCI: Ss display interpretation of DCI at level of proper learning progression. My $0.02 worth.

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:38 PM EDT

How many points do you get for spelling 'Ted' right?!?!? #NGSSchat

In reply to @tkSciGuy, @Ted_NSTA

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:38 PM EDT

Q4. is coming up! #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:38 PM EDT

You don't want to know how often I seem to struggle with that. #NGSSchat

In reply to @tjscience, @tkSciGuy

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:39 PM EDT

Q4 How do student questions play into the discussion of 3D learning and sense making? How do you use Qs in your class? #NGSSchat

sbosch_spps Jun 15 @ 9:39 PM EDT

Any examples? #Ngsschat

In reply to @PeterJMcLaren, @Ted_NSTA

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:40 PM EDT

A3: Ok, real teacher talk. Evidence of learning statements. Standards based grading. 3Ds. Letter grades. Student growth. Oy. #NGSSchat

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:40 PM EDT

Maybe share the ideas ?? #ngsschat

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:38 PM EDT

I can share books...not sure about lessons, I can ask!
In reply to @KRScienceLady

PeterJMcLaren Jun 15 @ 9:40 PM EDT

#ngsschat If you consider a phenom structure the approach the Ss would take to explain through the CCC. Tough to explain in 140 char

In reply to @sbosch_spps

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:40 PM EDT

A4: Phenomena lead to student questions. S questions lead to a reason for students to learn. A reason to learn leads to learning #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:39 PM EDT

Q4 How do student questions play into the discussion of 3D learning and sense making? How do you use Qs in your class? #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:41 PM EDT

A4 Ss ?'s need to drive the discussion bus It can't be Ts interest, must be Ss interest & curiosity that move class to new ideas #NGSSChat

auntjennoelle Jun 15 @ 9:41 PM EDT

https://t.co/Gblw5UFm9n Here you go. Dr. Kaplan works at USC- developed these for gifted learners, but apply to all. #ngsschat

In reply to @richbacolor, @KRScienceLady, @PeterJMcLaren

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:42 PM EDT

There's something very Star Wars about this tweet. #NGSSchat

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:42 PM EDT

Love this explanation. You can have Phenomena, but without student questions, you haven't created the impetus for learning. #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:40 PM EDT
A4: Phenomena lead to student questions. S questions lead to a reason for students to learn. A reason to learn leads to learning #NGSSchat
- FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:39 PM EDT
  
  Q4 How do student questions play into the discussion of 3D learning and sense making? How do you use Qs in your class? #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:42 PM EDT

Qs to drive learner must come from learners who will do the driving! #NGSSchat

In reply to @BKd204Sci

Chemteach201 Jun 15 @ 9:42 PM EDT

A4. Student questions provide such a great lens into how students understand & process concepts. If their ?'s Are off, t's adjust #NGSSchat

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:42 PM EDT

A4 Ss questions should be driving the learning. By leveraging Ss Qs increase engagement, more real life then improve understanding #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:39 PM EDT

Q4 How do student questions play into the discussion of 3D learning and sense making? How do you use Qs in your class? #NGSSchat

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:43 PM EDT

If you have an interesting phenomenon, student questions should come easily. You just have to release some control. #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:43 PM EDT

A4a ?'s are the launching point of class, at least they need to be That's where #phenomena come in as a major part of class #NGSSChat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:43 PM EDT

I'll take that as a complement. #NGSSchat With 3D, do! or do not! There is no try!

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:42 PM EDT

There's something very Star Wars about this tweet. #NGSSchat
In reply to @Ted_NSTA

sbosch_spps Jun 15 @ 9:44 PM EDT

What if student questions do not bring a science path? Force the path and lose by in? Or follow the path of the students? #NGSSCHAT

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:44 PM EDT

This really connects with how the #NGSS talks about ALL students and student questions and motivation #NGSSchat

tedfujimoto Jun 15 @ 12:19 PM EDT

It neurobiologically impossible to think deeply about things you don't care about. https://t.co/aCzwFfxeck #deeperlearning #edpolicy #stemed

KRScienceLady Jun 15 @ 9:44 PM EDT

You go girl! #ngsschat

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:42 PM EDT
A4 Ss questions should be driving the learning. By leveraging Ss Qs increase engagement, more real life then improve understanding #ngsschat
- FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:39 PM EDT
  
  Q4 How do student questions play into the discussion of 3D learning and sense making? How do you use Qs in your class? #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:44 PM EDT

The challenge with time is that there will never be enough! Have to work with it rather than let it work us! #NGSSchat

In reply to @Chemteach201, @eddiesciguy

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:45 PM EDT

Great question! Thoughts #NGSSchat?

sbosch_spps Jun 15 @ 9:44 PM EDT

What if student questions do not bring a science path? Force the path and lose by in? Or follow the path of the students? #NGSSCHAT
In reply to @Ted_NSTA

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:45 PM EDT

Ss & Ts learning & questioning together I get so stoked when we are thinking together in class! #NGSSChat

In reply to @FredEnde

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:45 PM EDT

#NGSSchat where do Ss pre/misconceptions enter into 3D learning?

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:45 PM EDT

@TdiShelton talks about grouping Ss questions and that they usually line up with what she wanted to teach anyway. #NGSSchat

sbosch_spps Jun 15 @ 9:44 PM EDT

What if student questions do not bring a science path? Force the path and lose by in? Or follow the path of the students? #NGSSCHAT
In reply to @Ted_NSTA

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:45 PM EDT

Going to roll out Question 5 because, why not? #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:45 PM EDT

Find the right phenomena to get students to make a turn and get them on the path. Phenomena are like breadcrumbs. #NGSSchat

sbosch_spps Jun 15 @ 9:44 PM EDT

What if student questions do not bring a science path? Force the path and lose by in? Or follow the path of the students? #NGSSCHAT
In reply to @Ted_NSTA

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:45 PM EDT

Those are the fun days where we ALL collaborate and learn! Love those days! #NGSSChat

In reply to @eddiesciguy

lizette_burks Jun 15 @ 9:46 PM EDT

A4) Saw a log students were keeping once with constant P & Qs throughout the unit...find something out..leads 2 more ? #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:39 PM EDT

Q4 How do student questions play into the discussion of 3D learning and sense making? How do you use Qs in your class? #NGSSchat

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:46 PM EDT

I wd examine phenomenon or framing of the lessons to identify possible breakdowns lean on changing that instead of forcing path #ngsschat

In reply to @sbosch_spps, @Ted_NSTA

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:46 PM EDT

Again, Phenomena are key. Find phenomena that violate students models. That then forces them to revise their models. #NGSSchat

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:45 PM EDT

#NGSSchat where do Ss pre/misconceptions enter into 3D learning?

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:46 PM EDT

A4: Science requires the doer to ask Qs w/wonder & imagination often ignored in Sci classrooms. Design 2 Discover. @joy_everyday #NGSSchat

Chemteach201 Jun 15 @ 9:47 PM EDT

Their formed b/c of a lack of knowledge. Fill in the gaps, guide them to the light bulb moment! #NGSSChat

In reply to @eddiesciguy

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:47 PM EDT

Q5 Are your 3D assessments “multiple component tasks,” (using multiple Qs in single scenario) (phenomenon)? What are pros/cons? #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:48 PM EDT

I used to do something similar in age before NGSS. .. used to keep "Binder of Qs" students could add to/research on own! #NGSSchat

In reply to @lizette_burks

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:48 PM EDT

New @NGSXproject pathway "Taking it back to our classrooms" captures this in a 'problematizing routine' from @reiserbrianj et al #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:46 PM EDT
Again, Phenomena are key. Find phenomena that violate students models. That then forces them to revise their models. #NGSSchat
- eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:45 PM EDT
  
  #NGSSchat where do Ss pre/misconceptions enter into 3D learning?

auntjennoelle Jun 15 @ 9:48 PM EDT

I really love @Casciencepete Crosscut symbols and examples. https://t.co/Y5n0rSryS1 Good examples for how to use them too #ngsschat

In reply to @sbosch_spps, @Casciencepete

kmgill135 Jun 15 @ 9:48 PM EDT

Train Ss to ask better questions. Choose ? to investigate that revolve around the science. Allow other ? to be researched. #ngsschat

In reply to @FredEnde

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:49 PM EDT

Sometimes “misconceptions" are stepping stone ideas needed to move ahead. Make thinking public. Ask for evidence & reasoning. #NGSSchat

In reply to @Chemteach201, @eddiesciguy

Chemteach201 Jun 15 @ 9:49 PM EDT

A5. This is the challenge. So many ways to assess. The roll down of old exam questions may not be the best way! #NGSSChat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:50 PM EDT

A5) Part of a Michigan group working on these…feedback welcomed. #ngsschat https://t.co/ahxIa2gILS

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:47 PM EDT

Q5 Are your 3D assessments “multiple component tasks,” (using multiple Qs in single scenario) (phenomenon)? What are pros/cons? #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:50 PM EDT

A5 Moving in that direction Pros: are 3D a'ments are better reps of Ss actual thinking Cons: Takes collaboration & practice for Ts #NGSSChat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:50 PM EDT

How do we train question askers? #NGSSchat

In reply to @kmgill135

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:50 PM EDT

And give a LOT of experiences for them to hang new learning on #ngsschat

In reply to @richbacolor, @Chemteach201, @eddiesciguy

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:50 PM EDT

Talk more about the stamina piece. How do we address? #NGSSchat

In reply to @LizaRickey

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:52 PM EDT

Is collaboration and practice a con? How do we turn to pro? #NGSSchat

In reply to @BKd204Sci

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:52 PM EDT

Last q coming up! #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:52 PM EDT

I get stamina! Being a 3D sci T takes a lot of energy; physical and mental #NGSSChat

In reply to @LizaRickey

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:52 PM EDT

Q6 How has your understanding of 3D learning changed since you started down the NGSS path? #NGSSchat

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:52 PM EDT

I am elementary so lots of steps and words can be overwhelming for them. Visuals, chunking,or other means are helpful #ngsschat

In reply to @FredEnde

lizette_burks Jun 15 @ 9:53 PM EDT

A5) Love this resource for tasks... https://t.co/Sc8EASMQZK #ngsschat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:53 PM EDT

Great point. Every great science discovery took multiple cycles of Qs, Evidence, Analysis. Why love science? #grit #growthmindset #NGSSchat

In reply to @FredEnde, @LizaRickey

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:53 PM EDT

Not a direct con, finding the time & do those things well can be a challenge Good #PLC time can make that a pro #NGSSChat

In reply to @FredEnde

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:54 PM EDT

A6: I discovered that SEPs and CCCs have elements, that the DCIs are building towards end points. Let Ss "figure it out." #NGSSchat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:54 PM EDT

Good point. We have to be okay “covering” less and giving Ss time and experience to REALLY figure out understanding. #NGSSchat

In reply to @BKd204Sci, @FredEnde

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:54 PM EDT

A6: I think the biggest chg. for me is how important S motivation is. I was/am naturally curious, so it was never an issue for me. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:52 PM EDT

Q6 How has your understanding of 3D learning changed since you started down the NGSS path? #NGSSchat

lizette_burks Jun 15 @ 9:54 PM EDT

A6) 3D is not watered down science...what was watered down was teaching with one dimension and no phenomena when I reflect back #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:52 PM EDT

Q6 How has your understanding of 3D learning changed since you started down the NGSS path? #NGSSchat

Chemteach201 Jun 15 @ 9:55 PM EDT

Remember they demonstrate where the students are when you get them. Not necessarily bad thing-just something that needs shifting. #ngsschat

In reply to @eddiesciguy, @richbacolor

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:55 PM EDT

Less is truly more in a 3D classroom! #NGSSChat

In reply to @richbacolor, @FredEnde

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:56 PM EDT

#NGSSchat A6 AARRGH! Since 2013, I feel like the more I learn, the less I know!

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:56 PM EDT

A6: In instruction, use multiple SEPs and CCCs, not just the ones that appear in the PE. #NGSSchat

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:56 PM EDT

Less is at least something. All too often, Ss walk away from traditional instruction learning little or nothing. #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:55 PM EDT

Less is truly more in a 3D classroom! #NGSSChat
In reply to @richbacolor, @FredEnde

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:56 PM EDT

A6 I see the 3Ds more clearly The more I study/work the sharper the Ds become #NGSSChat

Chemteach201 Jun 15 @ 9:56 PM EDT

A6. I continue to see more and more ways to teach 3-d along w/ benefits for why. Access the natural curiosity of s's and t's #ngsschat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:56 PM EDT

And multiple dimensions really highlights the need to focus on learner empowerment and engagement. #NGSSchat

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

tjscience Jun 15 @ 9:56 PM EDT

#NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:57 PM EDT

And not necessarily a bad feeling to have! #NGSSchat

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:56 PM EDT

#NGSSchat A6 AARRGH! Since 2013, I feel like the more I learn, the less I know!

eddiesciguy Jun 15 @ 9:58 PM EDT

#NGSSchat A6 can't ignore CCSS either. With engineering, Stds of Math practice complete SEP in some cases.

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:58 PM EDT

A6) Nod to @reiserbrianj - science learning is a suspense story: characters, action, evidence, twists, turns, & resolution. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:52 PM EDT

Q6 How has your understanding of 3D learning changed since you started down the NGSS path? #NGSSchat

tkSciGuy Jun 15 @ 9:58 PM EDT

A6: Just because it has NGSS on the cover doesn't mean it's 3 Dimensional or Phenomena driven. #NGSSchat

FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:58 PM EDT

Science as the novel! #NGSSchat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:58 PM EDT
A6) Nod to @reiserbrianj - science learning is a suspense story: characters, action, evidence, twists, turns, & resolution. #NGSSchat
- FredEnde - Moderator Jun 15 @ 9:52 PM EDT
  
  Q6 How has your understanding of 3D learning changed since you started down the NGSS path? #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:58 PM EDT

Going deeper with less may be a better way to phrase it The 3Ds make what we do more impacting so deeper w/less is possible #NGSSChat

In reply to @Ted_NSTA

LizaRickey Jun 15 @ 9:58 PM EDT

A6 so much!!! Taking small chunks and tasks to build on my own learning and success. It's ok to try things out bc it's messy #NGSSchat

richbacolor Jun 15 @ 9:59 PM EDT

I prefer the comic book or graphic novel. I like pictures. #NGSSchat

In reply to @FredEnde

Ted_NSTA Jun 15 @ 9:59 PM EDT

I see 3D more clearly The pain is gone I can see all obstacles in my way. #NGSSchat

BKd204Sci Jun 15 @ 9:56 PM EDT

A6 I see the 3Ds more clearly The more I study/work the sharper the Ds become #NGSSChat

lizette_burks Jun 15 @ 10:00 PM EDT

Thank you for the shared knowledge! #ngsschat