#worldgeochat Archive
#worldgeochat is a weekly chat focused on teaching geography and global studies. Chats vary between geography specific topics as well as general teaching and education topics. ALL are welcome in worldgeochat!
Tuesday August 30, 2016 9:00 PM EDT
Please tell us where youβre from and what grade/discipline you currently (or recently) teach.
Welcome back to ! Pete here from Maine. I'll be one of the moderators tonight along with +
Hi everyone! Ed, 7th grade teacher geography in Naperville, so happy to have our Tuesday night crew back!
Hello ! This is Bill Chapman, a retired secondary social studies teacher, checking in from Berkeley, CA. Welcome back all!
Chris from IL - 7th grade world geography & one of the moderators! Glad we're back!
Hello !! Here from Massachusetts, USA and teach 7th grade World Geography β€οΈπ
How was your summer Pete?
Excited for the start of here from Austin. High school social studies
Excited for the start of here from Austin. High school social studies
Welcome Sam! Glad you can join
Hi So glad you could join us! How is life in California?
Got to travel to the wilds of northern maine.... whoa. two bear encounters, one a lot closer than I wanted
Hi ! Excited to be back! Jessica from Illinois, 7th grade ELA+World Geo!
So glad you're joining us tonight!
Hello ! Sam here from Massachusetts! I teach 7th grade world geography. Happy 2 be celebrating my birthday tonight with y'all π
Whats up Chris! What topic did you cover today?
Woohoo! I'm Celaina, an instructional coach in Texas.
Here in the SF Bay area, it is wonderful (70 degrees and clear today). Of course we are away from the fires.
Welcome How was the summer?
Evening all, Briley from Bermuda
So happy you're back! Southwest suburbs representing!
Welcome Sam! Where in MA? I used to teach in Newton
Woo hoo! Glad you're back! I hope that appreciates your return to too!
Hey Bill welcome back all https://t.co/REI2IKQ8gy
Hello ! This is Bill Chapman, a retired secondary social studies teacher, checking in from Berkeley, CA. Welcome back all!
. Wow! Happy birthday Sam! So glad you could make it!
more suggestions
1.follow each other/Grow your
2.share photos+stories w/ tag
3.ask Qs+challenge each other 2 be better
Suggestions+tips
1.Use hashtag
2.We follow the Q1/A1 format. Use A1,A2,etc 4 responses
3.Be kind, supportive+professional
Joanne from KC! Hi everybody!
Tom from IL. SS T and instructional coach. Pumped!
Hi it's Penny from Virginia happy new school year!!!
Hi Briley! Are you guys back in school yet in Bermuda?
Glad you're back tonight! Go
welcome to ! Looking forward to hearing your thoughts!
Hey ... it's Ashley from deep south TX!
Hi So glad you could make it! I hope you had an awesome summer!
Joanne! Thought of you when I was at the Sox game the other day! Glad you're here!
Our topic tonight is going to center around getting the geography year started
Welcome Tom! Where are you at in IL?
Another one of 's friends! God I miss him!
Looks like we've got a nice group of Ts in the house for
Getting the band back together...
I hope joins in the fun tonight!!
Hi Jessica! How has the start of the year been in our district neighbor 204?
Welcome back Ashley! Hope you had a great summer!
Question # 1 coming up in 2 minutes
Hey Joanne!! Glad you are here!
Going 1:1 this year! Chromebooks distributed TODAY! Excited for the kids!
tomorrow morning after 2 months off! Going to be a killer
Thank you all from for the birthday wishes! Can't wait to get the ball rolling ππ»
Hi It has been a brutal summer for our beloved White Sox! :(
I apologize to anyone who I missed in my welcomes. Too excited for all the conversations tonight!
So are we! It is awesome! So many opportunities to get students exploring and creating!
Hey Ashley!! glad to have more Texas representation. :)
Q1: How is geography different from other social sciences? How do you introduce that difference to Ss? https://t.co/rJIjsaLcam
Merri from SoCal not in the classroom this year but want to hang out with my fellow lovers of geography
Totally getting the band back together..... Where's ??? https://t.co/C49PfXfGfy
Looks like we've got a nice group of Ts in the house for
Getting the band back together...
In the week that we've had Chrombooks, its changed everything - in a GREAT way!
Thanks!! It was full of fun with my three kiddos! Yours??
The good thing about the 1st week is the adrenaline alone can carry you through! :)
A1: geography is ALL around us ... we actually talked about this in class today! Ss had an a-ha moment!
of the free pastries and no teaching until next Tuesday ha ha
Very excited for the access it will give us! So many cool tools out there.
A1: I like to think of geography as the umbrella that hangs over EVERYTHING that happens on our little blue marble. The glue
So glad you are back Merri!
A1 as one of my Srs said last year geography is all the subjects tied together & can't believe its not taught more / earlier
A1: discussed w/ ss they're living in present & they're the future. Learning from past 2 understand today
Hey Coming in late! Emily-middle TN-7th grade World Hist + Geo
Oh that sounds awesome! What was their ah ha??
A1 It incorporates so many academic disciplines and goes well beyond memorization.
A1 Geography is key to understanding all the other soc scis. History, economy, & culture all come from geography.
- that's what my Ss were discussing today ... they can't really say "when are we ever going to use this again?"
A1: I have an activity 4 Ss 2 word-associate everything they think has 2 do w/geo. they figure out quick that its everything
Welcome back Emily! So glad you're joining us again!
- it was realizing that geography is not just a class but living in the world ... everything is connected
Good education chat to follow tonight. starting back after the summer break
A1 Geo is different because it's focus is "where". All the other social sciences are filtered through the lens of location.
Just coming into . Hope I didn't miss too much! Ben Lewis, Brenham, TX
A1: It's a little bit of science, a little bit of history, a lot of current events and a ton of awesome!
yes a foundation but I also like to get them thinking about the mortar that binds it all together.
Ss are always amazed at scope of the course & that connections abound! They come in thinking its just maps yet so much more!
A1: ss discovering that geography is a part of their everyday lives. Love those lightbulb moments
- slap that on a t-shirt!
I start the year by telling Ss that unlike history, we don't focus so much on the past - we focus on the present & future!
Welcome Ben! Glad you could make it!
A1 It's the overarching umbrella for all other social sciences!!! (and a few hard sciences) https://t.co/EIQW5CD1lx
A1: It's a little bit of science, a little bit of history, a lot of current events and a ton of awesome!
- current events are our bffs in geo
When a student says this, you're winning at teaching GOLD STAR https://t.co/cIiOj403wq
A1 as one of my Srs said last year geography is all the subjects tied together & can't believe its not taught more / earlier
When does the present end, and the past begin?
A1 the great thing about Geo is that you can teach it in the present and connect it to the past!
A1:This might bleed over into some other Qs but geo differs bc it's not "here's what happened" it's "why did that happen HERE?"
And it's everywhere - everything you look at was shaped by geography!
Tony in Singapore here. Been back for 5 weeks. Working with Year 10 Geographers as we speak. Looking forward to !
A1: Love starting the year looking at the diff ways Geo impacts our daily lives & how many diff jobs req geospatial knowledge!
November 8 is when this present ends. :)
A1 There are 7+ billion beautiful people on this one Earth and we have to make it all work. The geo mind guides a way!
is burning up already. Q2 in 3 minutes! What?!?!?!
Love when Ss make those connections!
Everyone uses it to study spatial patternso within their discipline.
A1 you can build by starting with classroom and going to the world and beyond!
The 'why' of where! https://t.co/MQj9lhpgdj
A1:This might bleed over into some other Qs but geo differs bc it's not "here's what happened" it's "why did that happen HERE?"
A1: geography is about connections. Showed ss Matt dancing around the world. All about connections https://t.co/ERZQ77KsKC
Truth. I sometimes wish that could be my curriculum - examine the world of today & talk about human & phys. geo.
Ken from Western Oregon Univ. Arriving very late to the festivities.
YES times 1000!
https://t.co/2izcNGVNLN
A1:This might bleed over into some other Qs but geo differs bc it's not "here's what happened" it's "why did that happen HERE?"
getting Ss to think geographically (and spatially) is key
Have you read James Burke's Connections, or seen the series?
- imagine how awesome a class sloely on Current Events would be though ... all the possibilities!
Yes! And teachers of geography have to be able to weave those things consistently into the course!
A1: I don't tell students Geog is a social science! I teach rivers, coasts & glaciation - it's a science.
When I rule the world. :)
A1 I like to think that we are not as stuck in our silos as most subjects. I regularly reference history, economics, geology,
. Hi Ken! So glad you could make it! Hope you had an amazing summer!
A1. Because we're preparing Ss to solve problems we don't know exist; showing them to think, care, and matter
A1 Geography is the mother discipline! It underlies everything and influences all. It's the spatial
Geospatial awareness, right!?! :) https://t.co/X3DrBgmH79
getting Ss to think geographically (and spatially) is key
KEN! Glad you're back!!! No ballet or soccer tonight?
I would love to teach it!
Q2 How do you define geography to students? How should (should it?) the definition evolve from K-12? https://t.co/u2u600XMul
A1: geography is the synopticity between the physical & human interactions
no! I think that start next week (or the week after) unfortunately!
We aren't even 20 minutes in, and I'm already well behind. Signs of a great
So well said! Need to share that 1 with my Ss!
A2: Geography is who WE ARE. I there anything more relevant or important?
- we could teach on-line ... distance learning/collaboration!
Geography is a conversation with all subjects at once, together. Explaining why the world is. https://t.co/kXACRDmPd2
A1 I like to think that we are not as stuck in our silos as most subjects. I regularly reference history, economics, geology,
A2 It is the study of why things happen where they happen.
YES!!! that's my whole thing this year!!! https://t.co/sWq0IgeKJl
A1. Because we're preparing Ss to solve problems we don't know exist; showing them to think, care, and matter
A2 Geography: The study of people and places and the relationship between them.
A2: Geography is in our nature. It's an ever changing definition since our world is ever changing
same here. my fingers are rusty at typing fast in
A2 the study of the Earth's surface and atmosphere and human relationship all around it start basic w. Pre K & work up
STOP! You're making me really want to do this - & I know we cant!
A2 To simplify for Ss break it down as the 5 Themes &provide relevant examples before moving into Nat Geo elements & standards
A2 Study of places cultures & global issues. In addition work to develop reading writing researching speaking & listening too.
yep, my computer is so slow!!!!! it's stll on summer break!!!!
Q2:Tying back into 1st Q-it evolves from identifying (landforms,regions,countries) to connections bt land, people, culture
So true. I think that's why some people struggle with it. It's too 'big picture'!
what does that 'work-up' look like? What should a definition be for Grade 4? 6? 9?
A2: Geo is the study of the relationships between humans & the environment ... it's not just about where something is located
A2 I try to focus on what geography isn't -its not just maps & latitude. It's understanding the systems that make up the world
seems like that might work for younger students. What about as they get into HS?
A2 Geo is about relationships!
Yes! Analyzing and observing the world and people around us.
should still be geo + human interaction.... increase depth and scale
Which is why Q2 focuses on evolving a definition as Ss progress.
I was devastated when I found out that Matt faked all of it. :( Such a great idea!
- a key in HS is really tying it into real-world examples ... application of concepts is important
I want to attend a tattoo!!!!! Edinburgh will be nice :)
A2: I start my definition with:
"It's complicated"
Somes it up perfectly in 1 word!
Q2. Trying to figure out how people and cultures fit together, and how perspective influences a society's story
This will be my focus - the reading and writing. Using the workshop model.
yes there should be a separation of physical vs human geo
. I hadn't seen that page Briley! Thanks for sharing!
3 minutes until Q3.... whoa
Hold on - I'll find it. I want to say he revealed it was fake in a Ted Talk.
I'm in a 'complicated relationship' with geography
And point of view, right? Helping Ss see multiple perspectives on places & cultures.
but that only focuses on the human aspect of geo. What about the physical?
My class is the first time many Ss hear of Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, etc. Geography is beginning 2 understand one another
So important! Love that we are 1 to 1 and Ss will be consistently using Google Docs 4 writing. Endless possibilities!
- absolutely ... understanding bias & ethnocentrism is a must before they leave class!
- now slap that on another t-shirt!
Q3 What makes the first week/month of geography challenging? How do you combat/defeat that challenge? https://t.co/TENM4hjb8v
Finally able to join in tonight. Missed all my peeps!
A2: Our (eek) textbook is named People, Places, and Change. I think that is a good start!
the Royal Geographical Society is my 'go to' as well as the 'Geographical Association'
OK - my quick research has told me that he revealed that it was a hoax, then said it was real.
A2 Tricky question is some ways. I use questions - what, where, why?
hahahaha. Truer words were never spoken to a geography teacher :)
How people and cultures adapt and change as a result of their physical geo helps us understand that society
A3: getting 9th graders adjusted to high school life is a challenge!
A3 When I taught APHG biggest challenge was knowing that had to start with foundational geo before could dig in
differing POVs is crucial! 7th Ss struggle w/ this yet when they get that there are multiple POV it is such a win!
Nothing wrong with textbooks if used properly. i.e. as a framework to hang inquiry off
A3 I used to do a bunch of boring topics at the beginning. Now I begin w/ human rights - AMAZING!
A3 not the content..... usually school administrivia
- seriously ... the first three weeks are sooooo difficult! I love it when we finally hit our groove!
I've used 7 guiding questions that have that embedded into them.
A3 - motivating year11 students that this is their final year before GCSE - bribe them with cake!
A3: Teaching a first day lesson on 1st day of school pictures from around the world was a great intro.
A3: Academic language. The basics of convos Ts take for granted... names of directions, governments, ideals, movements, etc.
Our is "The World and Its People" - it was great... in 2005.
A3 Not being able to go to the kitchen for a snack when I want to... Remind myself that it is probably for the better
Totally agree. However, ours are older than our students. Luckily, our district is updating the curr this year!
A3 Challenge is you can get bogged down in academic vocab & make mistake that I have in past of not connecting terms to issues
Current events/human rights?
I have a hard time getting kids started with content. There's just so much it can be overwhelming for younger Ss
A3 This year is the arrival our son at 2am the monring school started! Somewhat sleep deprived ATM
A3: it's introducing Ss to a PBL-centered geo class ... developing writing & critical thinking skills
A3 Figuring out what skills they need. It's a challenge to make it meaningful. Better if its embedded.
A3 we baseline our year 7 (grade6) students to see how much they know - painful for them & me. Motivate by fieldwork
YES. Just starting to find my own rhythm now!
building the foundation of conversation is hard. There is a language of geography that takes getting used to
You have been so happy w/ this shift!
Excellent resources https://t.co/an5MB635eV
the Royal Geographical Society is my 'go to' as well as the 'Geographical Association'
I'm looking for it.... chat moving too fast!!!!
A3 getting Ss to realize in the long run learning is so much more rewarding than grades.
Oh:( Although I still bits from a couple of text from the mid-90s as the concepts are still the same.
Britney is me about Matt right now too.
Sort of. We used to talk about Human Rights in N Kor. Now were trying to do it everywhere
Agreed!! The terminology needs to be mastered so Ss can be successful all year in understanding geo.
Like I said. It makes us happy. Let's believe. :)
start with themselves..... they like that topic. map their house, spatial components of their landscape view, their influences
Do you have any good lessons on how to get Ss generating good open ended questions Ashley?
Amen! Can't dig into all the fun stuff first.
A3: we're starting w/ map basics and introduction 2 sustainable goals from UN and have them blogging and solving global issues
Itell the story of my sum vaca Location,place, HEI, movement & region. Then assign tell me about yours https://t.co/rOayKnD6z5
Yep! We use it for the constants and go online for updated maps, etc.!
That sounds awesome!! You should share some of their blogs!
- I have them practice creating "brain dumps" ... they throw down all thoughts & then we practice chunking info
Oh nice!! That is a brilliant idea!!
That is what I need! An IV of coffee! and know I'm useless without it!
A3. Basic understanding of how we're connected and tying current events. They're mapping clothing; reading about factories
Depending on age/maturity and within a framework, I encourage learners to explore content themselves
- it's not formal lessons; rather, they're skills I build into brainstorming and Bell Ringers
Seeing lots of ideas on tonight. Let me know if I can be of any help!
AUGH! I almost missed it. Dang football practice! I'm here now!!!
This is true. Ed is useless after 12:00 if there is no coffee.
Q4 coming up in 3 minutes
Seeing so many good things & it's just the first of the new year! Hard to keep up!
only really for physical. Human geo pretty much out of date before book published ha ha
Instilling intrinsic motivation and the learning takes care of itself. Good Ts allow learning 2 happen https://t.co/tB60QHyQRb
Depending on age/maturity and within a framework, I encourage learners to explore content themselves
Anyone out there teaching GIS in a Secondary School?
nice. Fun. Very relevant for Ss.
Phillip from Columbia SC arriving late. Working with and
Yes! Updated materials are key! This course is constantly evolving!
A3 trading Ss to think spatially as a habit. Lots of local scale work to help them connect
not yet but hope to!!! is AP still moving forward with GIS class??
Awesome! Glad you could make it Kristi!
I'm waiting until December. But the... for REALZ!
Glad you could make it Kristi!
we use QGIS throughout the year. Last year we looked at district demographics, performance, and expenditures.
Not as much as I would like to. Hoping to do something next term exploring resource use with MapBox/ArcGIS online
Q4: Tell Ss how geography can save the world (it can, btw)! How geography is the TRUE story if us. Oh, and mention Djibouti. :)
A4: I was planning on doing a BreakoutEDU ... but did stations on what their expectations were for the class & me
A4: showing the "Matt Dancing Around the World" (it's real!!!) and having ss "See... think... Wonder..."
A4 Day 1 - Draw a map of the world. Fill in as many nations as you can on a blank map. Annotate labeled map.
A4 Have Ss draw world map, id key places then c/c w/ other Ss & discuss sim/diff as class. + show this https://t.co/IbwIrdeC0G
A4: We give the kids a blank North Am map and see how many major cities they can place w/grp
A4 -- Students map countries where Harry Potter was released. We look for patterns and talk about why...
A4 yr7:baseline test,yr8:weird weather,yr9:what is globalisation? Yr10:history of earth,yr11:coasts;yr12/13 AP course/deserts
A1-we talk about the 8 strands of SS so the students know the difference between all the classes they plan on taking!
Used BreakoutEDU once last year. Ss loved it! Hope to do more this year!
A4 Ask Ss about what spatial decisions they made today. ex. What were you thinking as you chose your seats? What about lunch?
Love love love love love love!
Getting students to understand that geography is all about perspective. GOLD STAR https://t.co/YCTC75nLIG
A4 Have Ss draw world map, id key places then c/c w/ other Ss & discuss sim/diff as class. + show this https://t.co/IbwIrdeC0G
Don't ask your students what they want to be, ask them what problem they want to solve. Chances are it's a geo-based challenge
you'd love my sow on Harry Potter! I had them map filming locations in the UK
A1 Geo is everywhere all the time in every subject! π€
Sorry - bedtime at the house has distracted me!
- totally doing this with my Ss this year!
Yes! Definitely all about perspectives and Ss must understand this.
very cool Start with the world being the classroom and then work out.
That is awesome!!!! So doing this!
BTW If you do Johnny Cash Heads, make sure to freeze your screen BEFORE he flips your class the bird
hahahaha. yes of course! essential
I see it more of awakening the instrinsic that is already there. They just don't know it yet. :)
Lack of sleep, zombies, I'm sensing a pattern here!
A4 Liked have Ss map the world/US from memory then remap at end at of year great fun / learning
tell me more about BreakoutEDU -- very curious
We are almost to the last question of our first of the year!!!! 2 minute warning!
Jessica - 308 does Zombie Based Education. My 6th grader is all excited about it!
Check it out if you can. I only did a week but you could go for longer. So many issues to explore
the master, you are (channelling my inner Yoda)
A4. Philosophically. Tying a knot with one hand. Ss learn something new everyday and can accomplish all with growth mindset
- you have a series of challenges that open up different locks ... and it's all timed!
A4 I like to use striking images for analysis and then share my thinking process. Interesting maps can be great for this.
- the whole point is to break open the big box that contains your prize!
we have a semester class in high school that is literally JUST current events!
- I have looked into it, but I don't know if I could take the risk of doing an entire curriculum zombie-based
My team ordered a box! Can't wait!!!
Q4:Augmented Reality map-look at topography,tec plates,night view.. Make inferences out loud together https://t.co/m60lrFgaUv
Day of Geography is 11-14-16 https://t.co/jYEj3u6VvB we encourage geoprofessionals to share their workday for student benefit
A classic!!! I think many adults are/were blown away after watching this.
Sorry jumping in and out have to say good night! Great & looking forward to more! TY for leading the way!
I've done this before. So frustrating for gifted kids that don't want to be wrong
- I bit the bullet & personally ordered one ... can't wait until it comes in!!
A5 Victory. I've gotten a bunch of parent emails telling me that SS is their favorite class this year. Can't beat that!
glad you like them, coach! I use them 2 tie it all together, give Ss a framework to look at the world
We need to create some more geo themed ones!
I think we're all at that point!!!
- I even want to challenge my students to create their own!
Have to go do some family obligations. Thanks for a great start to a new year!!
this is new to me! Also...do you live in Oswego? I'm here too!
Borrowed from medical geo activity based on John Snow. Lots of engagement, spatial thinking
A5 Kids come back next week but I already had one ask to join my AP geo class after hearing it was "too much fun"
What is this creative awesomeness you speak of??
A3 to review or not to review...that is the Q! They should know Lat/long a& cont/oceans but some don't!
I basically gave them a scenario, a GoogleMyMap and decisions to make based on the map & scenario. Lots of fun:)
A4 borrowed from medical geo activity based on John Snow. Lots of engagement, spatial thinking
A4 borrowed from medical geo activity based on John Snow. Lots of engagement, spatial thinking
A5: Ss walked out of my class saying "this class goes too fast ... I don't want to leave"
Haha! And that's awesome.
A5: Seeing Ss jaws drop after my first lesson on the nature of time + how little time we actually have together as a class
A5: New Ss. Sending off a year's worth of young future world travelers & being given another set. Gift that keeps on giving. :)
That is the best thing ever. You win tonight!
A5 Establishing a classroom commuunity at the start of the year is job #1
A5: Husband, also a teacher in my building, had a common student tell him Geo was AWESOME today!
- it's BreakoutEDU ... it's an awesome collaborative challenge-based activity
that sounds awesome! I would love to hear more about this
That's pretty awesome too! LOVE IT!
Good luck! I know you and your students will have a blast!
A5 A perent telling me how excited their kid was about my class/over hearing a learner telling a friend"geography is so cool!"
Any quality edu. chat on twitter will be the fastest friggin' hour of your entire life.
A5: also, met w/ Ps yesterday, & many left saying they liked that their child was actually applying their learning
thanks - they're not in until next Tuesday. Fortunate to have 3 planning days
A5 Switched to yoga bells to get their attention, Marvelous beyond belief.
Dear 'rs,
Once again you have my mind ablaze + I have much to reflect on. Thank you for making Chat # 1 of Year 3 a success!
A5: a couple of Ps offered to come in & bring colleagues to discuss topics as professionals 4 various PBLs
Year 10 Geo is done and I need coffee! Been a blast everyone. Happy trails
Looking forward to many more
YES, on so many levels, yes. https://t.co/nrHusINlOy
A5 A perent telling me how excited their kid was about my class/over hearing a learner telling a friend"geography is so cool!"
A4 Jonny Cash baby!! I've Been Everywhere! π€π€ Kids love it!
As things wind down...
Next week - Maps
September 13 - Primary Sources
Same with AP World https://t.co/MMZIb5RKeh
A3 When I taught APHG biggest challenge was knowing that had to start with foundational geo before could dig in
A bit dry, but still useful. And there's always something happening in the world!
Thanks all for a stimulating hour. Looking forward to many more this year!
amazing!!!! an hour already???? https://t.co/AALQwmDu42
Dear 'rs,
Once again you have my mind ablaze + I have much to reflect on. Thank you for making Chat # 1 of Year 3 a success!
Thank you 'rs for making tonight go by so fast. Don't forget to grown this little chat and follow each other.
Must give 2 claps to for leading a great opening night for
A5 Parent enthusiasm about course at tonight's open house and 5min convo about bbq geo
Victory - I have 12 Ss who are siblings of former Ss. All came in so excited based on what their sib told them about geo
holy moly ... that went by soooo fast!
I'll have the archive up in just a few minutes!
Tuessday nights are so much better with Happy to be back! Thanks for leading & to all that shared!
Tuessday nights are so much better with Happy to be back! Thanks for leading & to all that shared!
Couldn't be happier to have back in my life! Thanks! https://t.co/vOJhLmg4bD
Thank you 'rs for making tonight go by so fast. Don't forget to grown this little chat and follow each other.
Maps can be primary sources https://t.co/pjDi3E73fH
As things wind down...
Next week - Maps
September 13 - Primary Sources
great to have you join the conversation tonight!